CIAO DATE: 09/2011
Volume: 11, Issue: 2
October 2009
From Social State to Providential State (PDF)
Bedri Gencer
In this article how the conception of “providential state” is reasserted in the postmodern age is dealt with following the examination of the attempts in the modern age at substituting the models of “just/generous state” distinguished in the Ottoman case with those of “welfare state” and social state”. According to the traditional world exemplified by the Ottoman case the just state denotes shortly which one that undertakes the sustenance of their subjects and the generous state their care. Social inequality deepened by industrial capitalism rising in the nineteenth century called for state to re-undertake the mission of welfare in order to gain legitimacy. The welfare state gaining ground in the twentieth century may be regarded as the equivalent in our age of traditional “just state” while social state which aimed basically at providing the second-generation human rights as that of “generous state.” But as these models are strained by the capitalist logic proper to the modern age the model of providential, that is, “generous state”, in which both the sustenance and care of citizens basically through such bodies of civil society as foundations is undertaken and their identities is recognized, are relaunched mainly by feminist thinkers.
An Approach To The Role Of Positivism On The Policies Of Unity And Progress Party (PDF)
Şükrü Nişancı
It can be said that positivist perspectives constituted the focal point of the political debates and discourses in Turkey in the past one and a half cen-tury. However, one of the distinctive characteristics of this positivism, which was introduced to Turkey relatively prematurely, is that it lacked philosophical depth and therefore it could not find productive grounds in political realm. This study inquires the reasons of this phenomenon. In addition to the lack of scientific tradition, perhaps the most important reason has been perpetual dominance of political concerns. For the members of the Unity and Progress Party, who focused on the “survival” of the nation, the importance of Science was not its “explanatory” power but its power as a “savior”. That the relationship between politics and Positivism, or Science in general, was shaped in contrary to Western experience, and that science was instrumentalized by politics lead to the appreciation of the popular forms of science. It is also possible to say that similar mentality dominated later periods.
Civilian Control in Civil-Military Relations (PDF)
Fatih Demir
After the domains of elected and military rulers were separated in the within history, difficulties arose in establishing civilian control in civil-military relations. Liberal democracies produced some solutions, which led to other kind of problems. History of liberal democracies in terms of civil-military relations has been a struggle between uniqueness of the military needed for its effective functioning and national security, on the one hand, and subordination of the military to elected representatives of people and democratic values, on the other. The conclusion of this paper is that estab-lishment and sustainability of civilian control is not a single-sided effort to restrict the army. Civilian control is integrating the military with general system of national institutions, and mutual concession aimed to define its area of responsibility as expressly as possible. If we are to construct sound civilian control in a democracy, institutionalized democratic traditions should accompany solid constitutional guarantees.
A Review of Economic Development (PDF)
W. Arthur Lewis
Book Review: A Conceptual Approach to the Concept of Secularism (PDF)
Fatma Yurttaş, Cihan Selek Öz